Peruvian Agricultural Research

Eﬀect of Prunus persica (peach) seed as a coagulant in the treatment of wastewater from the Municipal reservoir of Barranca, Lima

2025-07-22T13:41:51+00:00

Objective: To estimate the eﬀectiveness of peach (Prunus persica) seed as a coagulant in the treatment of wastewater from the Barranca municipal slaughterhouse. Methodology: Four treatments prepared with peach seed (0 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL and 150 mL), and two sedimentation speeds (100 rpm and 300 rpm) were evaluated. The physical and chemical parameters measured were: temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). The factorial ANOVA test was used for the analysis of the variables. Results: Sedimentation velocity did not inﬂuence the parameters evaluated and showed no interaction with the treatments evaluated. There were signiﬁcant diﬀerences between treatments; when comparing the values obtained with the referential values of the Environmental Quality Technical Standard (ECA), the doses of 50 and 100 mL comply with the established values for pH and OD, while the dose of 150 mL only for pH. All three treatments reduced turbidity by 50%. Conclusions: The peach seed, according to ECA standards, partially improved the physical and chemical parameters of the wastewater from the Barranca municipal slaughterhouse.

Limitations and potentials of control methods for Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha spp. on mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Motupe and Casma, Peru

2025-07-22T13:52:44+00:00

Objective: To determine the limitations and potentialities of the control methods of Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha spp., proposed and directed by the National Agrarian Health Service , during the years 2006, 2023 and 2025, in the Motupe (La Libertad Region) and Casma (Ancash Region) valleys, Peru. Methodology: The monitoring of fruit ﬂy populations was carried out with the support of the service of the Oﬃcial Adult Trapping Network and the Oﬃcial Fruit Sampling Network of the National Fruit Fly Program . Adults were captured using the Multilure and Jackson traps, considering six stations per valley (one trap per 20 ha station). Results: The control measures and methods proposed were eﬀective in signiﬁcantly reducing the populations of fruit ﬂies, but some factors limited their control eﬀectiveness: ﬁnancial (end of the Goverment's agreement with the Inter-American Development Bank), climatic (El Niño phenomenon, Cyclone Yaku), social (limited willingness of the farmer to carry out control measures), economic (low mango prices), organizational (very weak and unsustainable farmers' associations) and poor cooperation from state and private institutions (exporters, regional and local government, universities, etc.). Conclusions: Control methods were eﬀective in reducing fruit ﬂy populations, but in 17 years (2006 – 2025), eradication and the declaration of areas free of this pest were not achieved.

Medición de parámetros colorimétricos en frutas empleando teléfonos inteligentes y su comparación con un colorímetro triestímulo

2025-07-22T14:22:21+00:00

Objetivo: Medir el color empleando teléfonos inteligentes en frutas y compararlo con la medición de un colorímetro instrumental triestímulo. Metodología: Se seleccionaron frutas con diferentes estadios de maduración, el color fue medido en el espacio tridimensional CIEL*a*b* en fresas, limones, mandarinas y ajíes. Las coordenadas colorimétricas L*, a* y b* se compararon mediante la diferencia de color del (ΔE*). Se calcularon siete parámetros colorimétricos empleando las coordenadas de color para comparar ambos métodos de medición, y para evaluar su performance se utilizó la técnica estadística de correlación y graﬁca de Bland-Altman. Resultados: Las coordenadas colorimétricas de ambos métodos mostraron valores de ΔE* entre 2.42 hasta 59.24 con mayor diferencia en frutos de mandarina y menor en ajíes, en cambio cinco parámetros colorimétricos mostraron un alto coeﬁciente de correlación (r=0.943-0.999) para todos los frutos evaluados. Las gráﬁcas de Bland-Altman expusieron detalladamente que los índices de blancura y amarillez no presentaron similitud, el limón presento una alta concordancia en cinco parámetros colorimétricos, la mandarina y la fresa tuvieron baja similitud y son dependientes de su estadio de maduración. Conclusión: El uso de los smartphones en la medición del color en frutos puede variar frente a un colorímetro, pero su conﬁabilidad es superada cuando se calculan parámetros colorimétricos que relacionan las coordenadas colorimétricas L*, a* y b*. Se sugiere emplear estos dispositivos como una herramienta potencial para evaluar y monitorear los estadios de maduración de diversos frutos.

Adaptation of Musaceae´s diﬀerent varieties in the district of La Trocal, Ecuador

2025-07-22T14:43:31+00:00

Objective: To evaluate the vegetative development of seven varieties of Musaceae (Manzano, Seda, Dominico, Orito, Barraganete, Morado and Hartón) under intrinsic conditions of the sector, La Puntilla, canton La Troncal, province of Cañar, Ecuador. Methodology: The project was carried out at the experimental farm of the Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Sede San Pablo de la Troncal, at 200 meters above sea level. The study was experimental and used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 7 treatments (varieties) and 3 replications. Two monthly variables were evaluated: plant height in cm and leaf emission in percentage. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and compared with Tukey's test at 5%, using Infostat software. Results: The variety Seda (Gros Michel) presented the greatest height (210 cm), followed by Manzano and Hartón. In terms of leaf emission, signiﬁcant diﬀerences were observed only in January and March. In addition, it was evidenced that temperature inﬂuences leaf emission, being slower at low temperatures and faster at high temperatures. Conclusion: The variety Seda (Gros Michel) showed superior agronomic development, possibly due to its capacity to adapt to diverse soils and climatic conditions. It also indicated that the La Puntilla sector oﬀers a favorable environment for the cultivation of several varieties of Musaceae, highlighting the potential of Seda (Gros Michel).

Organic matter dosage in hydrocarbon reduction fraction F2 in residential soil using sunﬂower as an indicator

2025-07-22T14:56:04+00:00

Objective: To analyze the eﬃciency of organic compounds (cattle manure) in reducing the levels of medium hydrocarbon fraction F2 in a residential soil matrix. Methodology: The experiment was conducted over 18 weeks. The applied doses were T1: 0%, T2: 10%, T3: 20%, T4: 30%, and T5: 40% manure, each with three replicates, totalling 15 experimental units of 2 kg of residential soil, and three sunﬂower seeds used as indicator plants. Results: Cattle manure achieved a reduction in the concentration of the F2 fraction from 6.16% (T1) to 53.61% (T5). Additionally, it improved germination and height development of the sunﬂower compared to the other treatments. Conclusions: Organic amendments such as cattle manure signiﬁcantly reduce the concentration of the F2 hydrocarbon fraction in residential soil, enabling sunﬂower growth.

Eﬀect of age Japanece quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on the reproductive eﬃciency and performance of their progeny

2025-07-22T15:20:18+00:00

Objective: To evaluate the eﬀect of breeder age in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on reproductive eﬃciency and progeny performance. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Poultry Experimental Unit of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina using 2,000 fertile eggs from breeders grouped by age (11, 21, 30, and 44 weeks). A completely randomized design was applied with ﬁve replicates per group, using 100 eggs per experimental unit. Reproductive parameters (fertility, hatchability, birth rate, embryonic mortality) and productive parameters (feed intake and body weight of the progeny up to six weeks of age) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results: Breeders aged 21 and 30 weeks showed higher fertility rates (98% and 97%), hatchability (86.6% and 79.9%), and birth rates (76.2% and 82.2%). Although feed intake showed no signiﬁcant diﬀerences, progeny from 44-week-old breeders had higher ﬁnal weights (81.43 g) compared to those from 21-week-old breeders (78.25 g). Conclusion: Optimal reproductive eﬃciency was observed in breeders aged 21 and 30 weeks; however, progeny from older breeders (44 weeks) exhibited better body weight. The highest economic return was obtained with 30-week-old breeders.

Dehydration by osmosis and hot air of the níspero (Eriobotrya japonica)

2025-07-22T15:37:08+00:00

Objective: To describe the dehydration kinetics of 'níspero' (Eriobotrya japonica) by osmosis followed by hot air drying. Methodology: Osmosis was applied in sucrose solutions (40, 50 and 55°Brix; 5 h), measuring moisture, °Brix, weight loss (WL), water loss (WL) and solids gain (WG), with ANOVA for WL and WG. The osmodeshydrated samples were dried at 50°C and 60°C, determining moisture, °Brix and PP (ANOVA for PP). Acceptability was evaluated with 30 untrained panelists using Friedman's test. Results: After osmosis, moisture decreased signiﬁcantly (67.56%, 61.07%, 57.96%; *p* < 0.05) and °Brix increased (31.75, 38.17, 41.25) with increasing osmotic concentration. PP was 17.39-27.99%, PA 29.32-43.40 g water/100g sample, and GS 11.93-15.41 g solids/100g sample, with signiﬁcant diﬀerences in PA and GS (*p* < 0.05). After drying, ﬁnal moisture was inversely proportional to concentration and temperature (50°C: 40.19-24.47%; 60°C: 35.81-23.11%). The °Brix increased (50°C: 46.00-51.83; 60°C: 47.50-52.83), and PP showed signiﬁcant diﬀerences between treatments (50°C: 49.89-43.79%; 60°C: 49.34-45.86%; *p* < 0.05). The Friedman test detected signiﬁcant diﬀerences (*p* < 0.05) in sensory acceptability. Conclusion: The optimum process combined osmosis at 55°Brix and drying at 60°C, maximizing moisture reduction and improving the quality of the ﬁnal product.

Post insemination progesterone and reproductive eﬃciency in a dairy herd of Huaura, Peru

2025-07-22T16:15:18+00:00

Objective: to evaluate the impact of the application of progesterone on day 16 post-insemination, on conception rate and days open. Methodology: 70 Holstein cows in their second calving were evaluated in two groups of 35 animals each. After the ﬁrst insemination, progesterone was applied to one group 16 days after insemination (T1), while the other group did not receive hormonal treatment and served as a control (T0). Data were analyzed by the Chi-square and t-Student test. Results: No signiﬁcant association (p>0.05) was found between pregnancy and progesterone application at 16 days post-insemination. In addition, no signiﬁcant diﬀerences (p>0.05) were observed in days open. Conclusion: The application of progesterone at day 16 post-insemination had no impact on reproductive eﬃciency in the dairy herd evaluated.

Eﬀect of magnetized water on the emergence and growth of bell pepper seedlings in Huaura

2025-07-22T16:23:56+00:00

Objective: To determine the eﬀect of irrigation with magnetized water on the emergence and vigor of bell pepper seedlings (Capsicum annuum) under nursery conditions in Santa Maria, Huaura. Methodology: The research was of exploratory type, a random sample was used which was constituted by 16 seed trays of 160 bell pepper plants under a completely randomized design with 4 replications per treatment; four treatments were applied, of them three treatments were with magnetized water (2000, 3000 and 5000 Gauss) and a control without application. Results: The emergence under the eﬀect of irrigation with magnetized water was 100% emergence for the 3000 G dose and 99% for the 2000 G dose. With respect to plant height, the 2000 G treatment obtained a greater plant height (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Likewise, for the number of leaves per plant, signiﬁcant values were found with the 2000 G dose compared to the control. In relation to the diameter of the bell pepper stem, it was found that the 2000 G and 3000 G treatments obtained a greater stem diameter than the control. Regarding root length, with the 2000 G dose, a value 28% higher than the control was found. Conclusions: The treatment of irrigation with magnetized water at a dose of 2000 G had greater signiﬁcance in the emergence and vigor of bell pepper seedlings compared to the control, and the dose of 5000 G presented lower values than the rest of the treatments, being detrimental to the bell pepper seedlings.

Agronomic assessment of three genotypes of yellow maize under family farming conditions

2025-07-22T16:35:03+00:00

Objective: To agronomically evaluate three yellow corn genotypes under family farming conditions. Methodology: A randomized complete block design was implemented with three treatments and four blocks. Treatments consisted of three genotypes (ARG 8700 T - single hybrid, DRACO 212 - triple hybrid, and Marginal 28T - variety). The variables evaluated were plant height, ﬁrst ear insertion height, leaf area, number of rows, kernels per row, ear weight, kernel weight, and yield. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test, after assessing normality and homogeneity of variance. Tukey's test at 5% was applied to compare means. SISVAR 5.6 statistical software was used. Results: For plant height, ﬁrst ear insertion height, and leaf area, the highest values were obtained by the Marginal 28T variety, signiﬁcantly superior to the other genotypes. For productive components and yield, the single (ARGT 8700 T) and triple (DRACO 212) hybrids stood out, signiﬁcantly outperforming the Marginal 28T variety. Conclusion: The agronomic evaluation of yellow corn genotypes under family farming conditions revealed statistically signiﬁcant morphological and productive diﬀerences, attributable to the genetic makeup of the materials evaluated. The genotypes that stood out in yield were the triple hybrid (DRACO 212) and the single hybrid (ARGT 8700 T). However, the conservation and improvement of traditional varieties remains strategic to ensure sustainability, resilience, and genetic autonomy in these production systems.