Structural components of the sheep production system in the rural community of San Pedro de Pirca, Huaral, Peru

Abstract

Objectives: Identify the sociocultural, agricultural, livestock, and economic components of the sheep production system in the rural community of San Pedro de Pirca, Huaral, Peru; located above 3293 m.a.s.l. Methodology: Information was obtained from 33 sheep farmers through an interview composed of 30 questions on management and socioeconomic aspects. Qualitative variables were obtained and diagrams of the structure of the production system were elaborated. Results: The sociocultural component is represented by breeders and their families, mostly made up of 4 to 6 members. The agricultural, component is made up of natural grasslands, cultivated pastures, and mixed grasslands, in which sheep grazing is carried out in 15.2, 6.1, and 78.8, respectively. In the livestock component, the Puna and Quechua zones were identified, with 2403 and 98 creole sheep, respectively; under an extensive breeding system. Sanitary management is based on deworming the herd, every 6 months (84.8%) and 3 months (15.2%). For the treatment of diseases, 97% of breeders use veterinary products and the rest medicinal plants. In the economic component, agriculture contributes 90% of income, while livestock, only 10%. 97% of the products offered from breeding are sheep destined as a source of meat (79% carcass and 21% standing) and wool (3%), prices per kg of meat vary between 12 and 16 soles, while the kg of wool fluctuates between 0.25 to 0.75 soles. Conclusions: Sheep raising in this community is extensive and subsistence, has low technology, with traditional management, and as an economic activity that complements agriculture. This research showed the need for greater participation of public institutions to promote the development of this system.